Definition of key concepts

Mitigation refers to actions and strategies that aim to reduce the sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere and/or enhance GHG sinks. Mitigation is achieved by either reducing the sources of these gases (e.g., by increasing the share of renewable energies), establishing a cleaner mobility system, or enhancing the storage of these gases (e.g., by increasing the size of forests). In short, mitigation is a human intervention that reduces the sources of GHG emissions and/or enhances sinks.

Adaptation involves enhancing the resilience of both human and natural systems to withstand the impacts of climate change. It entails adjusting natural or human systems in response to present or anticipated climatic events or their consequences, thereby minimising harm or capitalising on advantageous opportunities (Smith et al., 2000). For individuals, this entails readiness for climate change through capacity building and the implementation of measures to manage and recover from its impacts. It also entails preparing to coexist with any climate-induced alterations to our environment.

Adaptation to climate change can be either reactive or anticipatory.

• Reactive adaptation refers to adjustments in environmental and socio-economic systems in response to actual climatic stimuli and their effects or impacts.
• Anticipatory adaptation refers to anticipating the adverse effects of climate change and taking appropriate action to prevent or minimise the damage they can cause or taking advantage of opportunities that may arise.

Activity

Activity 1.1. Differentiate mitigation from adaptation.