The importance of agriculture in dealing with climate change

Approximately 38 per cent of the land on Earth is currently used for agricultural production, including crop and livestock production. The increased temperatures associated with climate change negatively affect agriculture and result in lower yields and rising prices. When food becomes relatively scarce and more expensive, some people, particularly those who are poor and vulnerable, will face malnutrition and food insecurity.

Trees and plants absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2) and mitigate against climate change. Yet agriculture, including forestry, is responsible for approximately 23 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. Some crops, fertilisers and large herds of livestock release substantial amounts of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). When there is deforestation or land clearing to make way for mega farms or mining, carbon dioxide and other GHGs are released. Forest loss and damage cause around 10 per cent of global warming.

Therefore, agriculture both affects and is affected by climate change. However, proper management of soil, water and land will allow agricultural producers to maintain their livelihoods and provide food and nutrition for the wider communities, while also reducing or removing GHG. Climate-smart agriculture can help us achieve this.