4 Treatment of Fertilization Failure

Transcript

Dear veterinarians,

As I told you already repeat breeding is a disorder, causes heavy economic loss to the farming community. The important thing expected from veterinarians is the proper treatment.

So in today’s class, we will start with the treatment of repeat breeding syndrome. We will continue with the sexual rest. The first and foremost thing is, to suppose, I told about the endometriosis, subclinical endometriosis, if you give one or two cycles, you need not go on breeding the animal continuously. Today it has come to Estrous, you are inseminating after 21 days, again after 21 days, don’t do that. Suppose an animal is repeatedly coming to Estrous, give one or two cycles sexual rest, so what for we are giving a sexual rest? The sexual rest will give will cause leukocytic infiltration, it will promote the Uterine Defense Mechanism. Uterine Defense Mechanism UDM, so that infections will be eliminated from the Uterus. In this way, you are allowing nature to cure the condition. So, always say, whenever you are treating for endometriosis, whenever you are treating for repeat breeding syndrome, always give sexual rest one or two cycles. It may not affect the economy or anything, but it is an important thing to be followed in infertility problems. So sexual rest will promote the Uterine Defense Mechanism and Uterine healthiness and healing of the endometrial layer. So, all these things will be achieved with sexual rest, give sexual rest for one or two cycles.

Next, we are starting, Double AI:

How to do Double AI? I told that there, delayed ovulation may cause repeat breeding syndrome if the ovum is released very late, by that time sperms will die.

So, enough number of spermatozoa will not be available in the isthmus, so you have to make the sperm available when the ovum comes to the fallopian tube. Where the fertilization takes place? It takes place in the ampullar-isthmic junction of the fallopian tube. so, the isthmus should have enough number of spermatozoa when ovulation occurs. When ovulation occurs, at least thousands of sperm should be there in the isthmus. When the sperm moves through the fallopian tube and reaches the site of fertilization, at least hundreds of spermatozoa should be there in the isthmus to fertilize. When the sperm started penetrating, at least 10 sperms must be there. This is how fertilization and embryonic development occur. So, always you should ensure that the availability of the spermatozoa in the genital tract, that is why you are doing today insemination and next day insemination, it is called a Double AI. Double AI means at a single time not doing two straws, instead, it is at an interval of 24 hours, we are doing AI to tackle delayed ovulation. Next, another thing is, to further ensure the ovulation you are doing double AI at an interval of 24 hours but remember you should start doing AI at the onset of estrum. Estrous duration is 18 to 24 hours in cows, the onset of estrum one AI and 24 hours later one AI you do. Second, at the time of AI, you can give hCG, Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin, 1500 IU Intramuscularly available in the name of Chorulon, or you give GnRH, it is available in the name of Gynarich, Ovulanta, all these preparations are available.

So, 2.5 to 5 ml GnRH, that is 10 to 20 microgram GnRH can be given Intramuscularly at the time of first AI, next day you repeat the AI because the GnRH will act it will produce CL surge, it will cause ovulation. So, at the time of first AI, during double insemination you should give hCG, GnRH intramuscularly. Many reports say and our experience also says at the time of AI, you can give GnRH or hCG. When you are attending at the farm level, this is a fertility drug, Gynarich is a fertility drug. You can inseminate and give one shot of 2.5 ml of GnRH that is 10 micrograms intramuscularly. My advice is you avoid Intra-uterine antibiotic therapy, kindly give antibiotics through the parental route. Parental means intramuscularly you give, what all the antibodies, other than sulfonamides, you can use any antibiotics for example very important is the Streptopenicillin (streptomycin + penicillin), Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftiofur, Cefuroxime + Sulbactam, so all these antibiotics. But don’t use Sulfonamides. Other antibiotics can be given intramuscularly as a post insemination antibiotic therapy. Nowadays we are avoiding Intra-uterine antibiotic therapy because that will affect the Uterine Defense Mechanism. That is why we are going for parental antibiotic therapy, it is preferred, and you need not wait for six to eight hours, after insemination you can give parentally, you can send the animal to the owner’s house and the animal may not face any problems, only thing is the proper dose should be given intramuscularly.

So next is a Progesterone, the development of the embryo is crucial, as per the recent report of Arthur is concerned, it is crucial between 6 days to 7 days and 16 to 18 days. The crucial period of embryonic development is 6 to 8 days and also from 6 to 18 days. 6 to 7 or 8 days, why I am telling you is because the hatching of a zona takes place. From the zona pellucida, the embryo has to come out in the uterus, so it has to develop. So, if the hatching fails or improper hatching, any defect due to progesterone deficiency, the embryo may not develop. If the signal is not there from the embryo for 16 to 18 days, then embryonic mortality will occur, that is why to have proper zona hatching in the uterus, we are administering 500 milligrams of progesterone on the 4th day, preferably on the 5th day after AI. So that 6th day or 7th day or 8th day, when the zona hatching takes place, it will be properly taking place.

Then next type of treatment, there are multi, various treatments available for you to follow in the field. 6th day or 7th day after AI, you can give hCG or GnRH. If you give GnRH, because you know follicular development is a continuous process, 6th day there will be a presence of a dominant follicle. Already there will be a corpus luteum, you are giving GnRH on the 6th day or 7th day, so the follicle presents in the ovary due to the first follicular wave will be Luteinized or causing ovulation, so it will secrete or produce an accessory corpus luteum and more number of progesterone will be secreted. So, on the 6th day or 7th day, you can give one shot of hCG or GnRH. Likewise on the 14th day also you can give hCG or GnRH to Luteinize the third wave follicle. So, these are the recent advancement in the treatment, that is post-AI GnRH, hCG therapy on day 7 or day 6 or day 14. This will cause the formation of accessory corpus luteum and also it will strengthen the already formed corpus luteum. So, this is very very important to be followed, you can follow.

Then I told- No Oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an important factor for embryonic mortality, so to avoid embryonic mortality due to oxidative stress, you can use vitamin AD3E injection on the 7th day and 14th day after AI, so this will help to avoid oxidative stress. Next is Injection “E-Care Se”, another form of antioxidant, this injection E-Care Se also can be used to avoid oxidative stress. So, this also can be given day 7th or 14th after AI. Next is one of the important things is Flunixine meglumine, this is because on day 14th or 15th if the embryonic signal is not there, there will be a prostaglandin release from the uterine endometrium to cause a rise of the CL. To avoid the rise of the CL, if you give Flunixine meglumine, the corpus luteum can be maintained, so that embryo can develop further. So, this is a very very important recent therapy tackling early embryonic mortality in repeat breeding cows. Then during after AI, directly you can insert progesterone into the vagina and they can be kept for 11 to 13 days in the vagina, it will supplement this CIDR or TRIU-B will supplement progesterone, which will favor the growth of embryonic embryo, which is in the uterus, so it will avoid early embryonic death. So, post CIDR therapy it will be kept in the vagina for 11 to 13 days, after 11 to 13 days if you remove, if the animal is not coming to heat it indicates embryo is there. If it comes to heat, then the animal has not conceived, that advantage is also there for this CIDR therapy.

Next is in case of endometritis, suppose you are diagnosing with white side test I already explained, so you can treat the case with Lugol’s Iodine or Povidone Iodine. Again many of the veterinarians are using Povidone-Iodine in the field but it should not be diluted, keep in mind that it should not be diluted. Povidone Iodine is available iodine is 0.5 percent only, so Povidone Iodine should be used as such. But when you are using Lugol’s Iodine, how to prepare Lugol’s Iodine? You should have the stock solution, you should remember 2-3-4, 2 grams Iodine, 3 grams potassium added 40 ml distilled water two to two two three four this formula 2 grams iodine, 3 grams potassium added and 40 ml distilled water, this makes the stock solution. From the stock solution you can prepare1% to 2 % solution and it can be given through intrauterine route about 30 to 40 ml or a maximum of 50 ml you can give depending upon the size of the uterus and the parity of the animal. So, Lugol’s Iodine in 3 days you can administer to treat endometritis. In case of supposing, parental endometriosis is there or uterine infection is confirmed, you can combine with Intra-uterine therapy with the uterine antiseptics along with the parental antibiotics, hence uterine antiseptics Lugol’s Iodine or Povidone-Iodine can be used. When you use antibiotics, you can use parental antibiotics along with Intra-uterine therapy with uterine antiseptics.

Dear vets and practitioners of the veterinary profession, we have seen various treatments so far up to the uterine infection-causing repeat breeding syndrome in cows.

We will continue with the estrous induction program and other treatment aspects of repeating syndrome in the next class.

Thank you.