3 Clinical Findings, Diagnosis

Transcript

In the previous classes we have seen about the Definition, and the Risk factors that are causing the postpartum haemoglobinuria and, in the second class second lesson we are seeing about the Etiopathogenesis and in the third lesson now what we are going to see is about the Clinical findings and the diagnostic methods to diagnose the postpartum haemoglobinuria. So, Clinical findings include as you all know because it is causing haemoglobinuria it is the most important sign so haemoglobinuria will be there the animal will be in appetent or anorectic it will not eat and, weakness will develop the most important sign is the weakness will develop suddenly. There will be a severe depression of the milk yield will be seen, and dehydration will develop quickly because of severe postpartum haemoglobinuria and as you all know haemoglobinuria will cause us severe deficiency of this haemoglobin so the cardiac impulses and the jugular pulses are augmented in postpartum Haemoglobinuria, and there will be a moderate rise in temperature, body temperature and the faces will be because of severe dehydration the faces will be dry and it will be firm. And as you all know again there will be hypoxia so, there will be a Obvious Dyspnoea will be there and red dark Colored, coffee colored urine and because of hemoglobinuria there will be a pale mucous membrane and once the intravascular hemoysis is going to get increased there will be a the mucous membrane will become icteric, and there will be tachycardia, and shallow breathing is more common, and the patient the animal will be having decreased milk production. PICA, pica is more common during the convulsion period. Course of the disease acute disease it will extend from three to five days, and the cows will become First, it will become weak, then it will become staggery and finally the animal will become recumbent, and because of the loss of the blood supply there will be gangrenous, and sloughing of the tip of the tail or the digits are more common in Hyposthenia, and death will occur within few days. non-fatal cases recovery will take three weeks and PICA can be seen during the recovery stage and This is a picture of showing the haemoglobinuria and this is again a buffalo with post parturient haemoglobinuria and the urine is post parturient haemoglobinuria that is seen this is during the first month of the Lactation.

So how are we going to diagnose ? So the diagnosis is mainly based on the history of the recent calving that is a recent calving or that is first month of lactation and the clinical signs like haemoglobinuria and pale mucous membrane everything will suggest that the patient is going for postpartum haemoglobinuria. And, next one is the urine analysis? What we do is to discriminate between whether it is haemoglobinuria or haematuria make the collect the urine and allow it to stand for some time so that if the erythrocytes settle down then it is due to haematuria, if does not it is due to Haemoglobinuria.

So that will be in a case of urine analysis there will be haemoglobin and Albumin and Higher urine pH will be same and microscopic examination as I told uniformly reddish brown erythrocyte free urine is seen. And hematology as you all know death is due to anemic anoxia and most important sign is hemolytic anemia. So, there is anemia will be most important hematological Diagnosis. Polychromasia will be the Anisocytosis, macrocytosis, basophilic Striplings, reticulocytosis and increased number of metarubricytes will be seen.

And main important type of anemia is Heinz body anemia and biochemical analysis reveals low phosphorus concentration will be seen, that is less than two milligram per decilitre and there will be a low copper status and high molybdenum status will be Same, and another one factor or some literatures they are dealing about Lecithin cholesterol acyltrasferase (LCAT) level.

So one article has given about the importance of this LCAT especially in case of diagnosis of ketosis and postpartum haemoglobinuria in the recently calved Animal. What is the importance of this? See what they tell us in case of hemolysis there will be there will be a decrease in the haemoglobin level, hypoxia is more common So, this will affect the function of the liver which is essential for the synthesis of LCAT. So, once there is going to be a severe hemolysis, hypoxia will be there, this will lead to the, this will impact the hepatic function in turn LCAT synthesis will be affected so, there will be a decreased level of LCAT in the immediate postpartum period in animals that are suffering from postpartum haemoglobinuria and in ketosis.

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So in the third lesson we have seen about the normal, what are all the clinical signs the animal will develop in postpartum haemoglobinuria and the diagnostic parameters to diagnose the postpartum haemoglobinuria in subsequent classes we will see the treatment and management of postpartum haemoglobinuria.

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