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Transcript

Hello friends in our last class we discussed about various dimensions of extension. I hope with the understanding of the dimensions of extension, so now various issues associated with the basic concepts of extension and the dimensions of extensions are very clear to you. In today’s class we’ll be looking into two important issues. Number one is motivation and its role in extension. And the second one is process of extension. Let us begin with the concept of motivation. Motivation, basically it is an urge or the combination of urges to include conscious, purposeful activities. So the moment the urge starts, you start active and these things are basically goal directed and need satisfying behavior. And these urges may be of intrinsic or extrinsic in nature. When it is intrinsic you are self-motivated. And you will make all possible efforts to achieve the things what you are desiring for. In case of extrinsic motivation, somebody else is making some efforts who has identified certain qualities within you, and he tries to make you convinced about the qualities that are lying within you and he sees that by understanding these things you can be ultimate achiever. That is what is the process of motivation begins with.

When we look into the nature of motivation, there are three processes that we come across. Number one is the process of motivation begins with the unsatisfied need. So now the first question arises is, what do you mean by need? Need is basically the difference between what is and what ought to be. So many times we are able to identify the difference or the gap between what is and what ought to be or what should be. If we are able to identify it then it becomes our intrinsic need. And that intrinsic need, once we identify that, so we try to have some drive towards that particular goal, what we have identified that gap. To achieve that or to satisfy that, so then your efforts are going to begin at this level and attainment of the goal ends with the satisfaction. Maybe the simple processes like when I feel thirsty, I at least feel that and I make all possible efforts to get a glass of water. So after that I feel satisfied. And similarly the process goes on. Basically it is the psychological process. It starts with in your mind through which your unsatisfied wants and needs leads to the drives that are aimed at goals and incentives and you try to achieve them. And you take all possible steps to do that.

When we look into the hierarchy of this needs. The process of motivation comes into the picture. So there are seven levels wherein of needs wherein we try to achieve them one by one. So which having depicted with the help of this triangle, wherein we have the larger, wherein we have the larger base. We have the larger basic. Means the first level of needs that we all are involved in satisfying is, the biological needs and the physiological needs, which are basic in nature. So the basic needs like the air, food, drinking water, then shelter, then warmth. These are some of the basic needs, every individual is in need of. So the moment these basic needs are satisfied. We move towards the second order needs. That is the safety needs. We want to secure ourselves. Then we are in search of the law and order situation. Because our basic needs are already met about. So that’s what is your safety needs. So once the safety needs are taken care of, the next order needs that we are all moving towards is the belongingness and the love needs wherein role of the family comes into the picture. As well as the relationships, the circle, the friends and all those things, wherein we feel that we are all part of a particular community. So that is what is belongingness. So once we achieve that belongingness needs and the love needs the esteem needs which is very very critical in the life of each and every individual.

So because we have already satisfied three levels of our needs with our own efforts. Now we are at very critical stage, wherein, which are identified as the esteem needs, wherein now I wish that everyone should recognize me and everyone should respect me. If I am not getting that particular thing, so then there are possibilities of diversion, deviation, conflict, so on and so forth. Anything can happen at this stage which is very very critical. So with our conscious effort if we are able to cross this particular need or satisfy this particular need with our own consciousness. So then we move towards the cognitive needs, wherein we start searching for the knowledge. What exactly the knowledge is and how to attain the knowledge. And how to understand it and how to spread it. All these things are part of the cognitive needs. The moment I attain the maximum amount of knowledge with me. So in each and everything I try to find the beauty. And I feel that everything is beautiful whether it is living thing or non-living thing. So I try to find a beauty within that and that is how I become a different person. And the ultimate need, and very few people on this earth can reach this particular stage. And that is what is at the apex of this triangle. That is the self-actualization needs, wherein you start realizing that so the efforts that what I have done so far are going to, are in vain but now I am in pursuit of something different things, which is going to make you a totally different man on this particular earth. The persons like Buddha, Gandhiji and so many such self-actualized individuals that we come across. Who have crossed all these needs that we have discussed from one to six. So it depends on the level of your motivation to achieve these needs and to satisfy these needs.

Then the achievement motivation theory has three important inputs. The first one is the need for achievement, wherein an individual is having a desire to take on tasks and accomplish them satisfactorily which is of each and every individual has. That depends upon his interests. That depends upon his skills, abilities and all those things, wherein he try to achieve something. The next order is the need for affiliation wherein an individual desires to belong to a particular social group, and to participate with others and create friendship. This is what we said that the second order or the third order need, in case of the need hierarchy, wherein we are trying to achieve this family as well as the belongingness needs as well as the esteem needs, where I need to be recognized. Then the need for power. With the achievement andneed for affiliation, an individual becomes more comfortable in executive positions, whereby he can make decisions in highly competitive situations. Is it that everybody can reach to that level. It is very difficult. That depends upon your levels of understanding the issues so that you can obtain that power, obtain that power. But everybody has a desire to reach to that level.

Then the achievement motivation theory, wherein we are coming to the characteristics of the high achievers. Number one the like situations, where they take personal responsibility for finding solutions to the problems. Each one of us are having opportunities. But who is going to emerge as a winner. Who is going to achieve that particular levels? So that’s is what is the characteristic of the high achievers. Then they are moderate risk takers rather than high risk takers. Try to calculate everything and they try to come forward and achieve their goal. They want concrete feedback on their performance. So until and unless you get the feedback, you cannot emerge as a successful individual, and that is what is another quality or characteristic of an high achiever. Then they tend to be the loner which is another quality of an entrepreneur also as well as the high achievers also. Then ways to develop this high achievement levels. Is, obtain feedback on performance, wherein many of us are very very weak. At this level we don’t want any feedback, number one. If at all we want to get the feedback, that should be positive. This is what is our expectationof majority. Then emulate the people who have been successful achievers, so that we can learn good number of things from them. Then develop a desire for success and change. And daydream in a positive terms by picturing oneself as successful so that you can achieve the thing what you are desiring for, and ultimately you will be recognized as the high achievers. With this the concept of motivation and its role in case of extension. Because extension emphasizes on identification of the needs. Then satisfaction of those needs by understanding the basic issues. That is why the extension professional need to understand this concept of motivation.

With this now we are moving to the process of extension. So in this process of extension there are five important steps, wherein the cycle of extension that begins as well as it comes to a particular phase and again it takes the first step and it is a continuous process. The process of extension begins with the analysis of existing situation. What is right now? That is what is explaining the situation. So understanding this particular situation, we are moving on to the second step, that is the objectives. The setting of objectives, what should be. This is what we said that ‘the’. The difference between what is and what should be. The desired situations that we are setting as a goal and ultimately we want to reach to that level. But how. It is being said with the help of the teaching process, wherein the methodological aspects come into the picture. It is the perfect situation. We try to identify it as the teaching-learning situation. Wherein both the extension educators and the learners and the extension service providers are making some deliberate efforts to transfer the things and ultimately the process of teaching and learning is going on. And the methods of extension are being exploited for this particular process. And the things that are going to happen, and to achieve the desired results.

So the things what we did in the case of the teaching process will be evaluated at regular intervals. In one of the principles of extension we have already explained these things. So that evaluation process, maybe it is an ex ante evaluation, concurrent evaluation or the ex post facto evaluation gives us the input, that what are the outcomes of the efforts that are being, which we started with analysis of the situation, setting of the objectives and implementation of the program and what is the current situation. So looking into the results of the program, what the extension process what we have implemented. We are going to reconsider the results of the program, so that we can start with again the analysis of the situation. Which has completed one cycle. Which means a move from one level to some other level, which is the desired situation. It is not an end in itself because the changed situation is also having a good number of situations to meet with. And that is what becomes the base or the existing situation. And again we are making some deliberate attempts to continue with and the cycle of the process of extension is going to continue.

With this coming to the conclusion. In case of the motivation as well as the processes of extension, plays a very key role in case of the processes of extension and understanding of motivation can strengthen the extension processes because that is where we are trying to identify the gaps. And that is where we are trying to make certain trends, so that we are influencing an individual to achieve something. For planned education effort it is necessary to understand the steps and processes of extension. And experiences reveal that the planning, learning and evaluation are taking place continuously throughout the phases of extension activities. So with this we are coming to an end of the discussion on the motivation and the processes of extension. In the next class we shall be discussing about the concept of program planning and why we are going to take up the program planning process.

Thank You.