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Transcript

Hello!! friends I’m sure you are getting some interesting contents as far as the course on basics of entrepreneurship development is considered. In our previous class we were discussing about the qualities of an entrepreneur. I’m sure you must have made an attempt to identify the qualities in yourself and to modify if necessary. With this brief background so in this class we will be discussing about the various forms and typology of entrepreneur. The basic question comes into the picture is and at many instances it has been said that there are a group of entrepreneurs who are born. So is it that entrepreneur’s are born. The another theory which reveals that the entrepreneur’s can be made also through the process of training and others. The another school of thought which says that the entrepreneur are event oriented. So these are the three different forms of Entrepreneur’s that we come across. We’ll be discussing them one-by-one along with the different types of entrepreneurs that we come across in our scenario. Before that as an entrepreneur we need to get some inspiration from the cow. It is the popular saying that cow does give the milk. Is it true? The statement itself is false. The cow never gives the milk because you need to extract the milk from the cow. What does it say? It says that there must be some deliberate attempt to extract what I want. So I wanted milk from the cow so that is why I need to do some deliberate attempts so that I can extract milk from the cow. But in the day to day saying I said that cow is giving the milk. Similarly, there is an entrepreneur opportunity in the environment in which I’m living I need to make some deliberate attempt to catch hold of that opportunity and to be successful a entrepreneur so in that context now let us move on to the first form of entrepreneurs wherein we said that entrepreneurs are born. The saying goes true in case of certain individuals who are possessing certain the intrinsic qualities with them. A professor of psychology Jacobwitz, A. He did an analysis of over 500 successful entrepreneurs from different parts of the world and he has consolidated his research outcomes wherein he has said that the entrepreneurs who are highly successful and they started the process of entrepreneurship at the early part of their age so there are certain qualities these entrepreneurs are having to whom we identify them as they are the born Entrepreneurs. What are those qualities these entrepreneur’s are possessing. Number one they are all the time restless. So they are never interested in taking the rest but all the time they are keeping on working. So this is what in case of quality of an entrepreneur we said that hard work and desire to excel. Independence they want to be independent because they want to be the masters of their own. They don’t want to be guided by anybody else so that is another in borne quality of this born Entrepreneurs. Then tendency to be a loner. They are not easily mixing with the group’s the masses whatever it is. So that is another in borne quality and they have extreme levels of self-confidence. Many times it may be a negative part on the behalf of an entrepreneur but so these are the qualities of an entrepreneurs to whom we identify them as born entrepreneurs’ which make them different from others in the society. the another theory which also says that which was proposed by Learned in 1992 the entrepreneurs are having the DNA “Entrepreneurial DNA” even though the science has not identified the DNA as an Entrepreneurial DNA but because of the qualities the process so this type of connotations are giving to those entrepreneurs who are coming under this category of born entrepreneurs. The next category that we are going to discuss is entrepreneurs are made.

There is a discussion on elaborated discussion on institutional support for entrepreneurship development. Wherein we come across a range of institutions which are providing support for development of entrepreneurial abilities among the individuals so why I’m telling all these things is it is an excellent example for the case of we can prepare entrepreneurs. We can develop and Entrepreneurial qualities in individuals. How can we do that? Through the process of training, through the process of demonstrations, through the process of motivation and all these things are inculcated in an individual who otherwise may be having some other priorities but his attention is diverted and he’s brought back to the lines of being an entrepreneur and that is how we can create a range of entrepreneurs. There are good number of success stories which comes under this category but there is a basic difference between the entrepreneurs who are made, the entrepreneurs who are born. The born entrepreneurs they are in search of the innovations and the pursuit of innovations but the entrepreneurs after learning and acquiring these qualities with the deliberate efforts of the training institutions and educational institutions they are entering into that particular mode and they are also becoming in the same way. The third and the most important category is entrepreneurs are event oriented. Life is not that smooth as we generally think upon. There are a good number of events that we keep on coming across. So wherein a particular event is going to take place in our life. That event if we identify that is going to make as an entrepreneur. One such engineer from the state of Uttar Pradesh who opened his factory of production in the state of West Bengal, Calcutta. For the local reasons that factory could not sustain for a longer period of time and the local forces, forced that factory to be closed. Later he made another attempt that also could not sustain for longer time and not having any next opportunities or the future opportunities with that particular situation. This is the event that I want you to note and with that frustration he went to his friend a good friend and he was taking his help what are the next possible alternatives and in the house of his friend there was no electricity and there was a floppy disk lying next to him and just he took the help of that just to take some air from the environment and the wife of his friend she came and she told so this is a very costly device which is not available in India also. It cost thousands of rupees so you should not take it so lightly it is very important and she said these words and she took that floppy disk from him and she kept it away and she gave him some other paper piece to take the air. That becomes another event in the life of Mr. Tiwari and he humbly asked her what exactly this is. Even though he’s an engineer he was not aware of what exactly this is. Then she explains him this is a floppy disk and how it is made, from where you are getting that. It is being imported it is not available in India so that is how it costs more. So now this particular incidence became an event in the life of Mr. Tiwari and he said I will manufacture this floppy disk in India. He took it as a challenge. Then he started working hard and all the qualities of an entrepreneur what we have seen and ultimately he established and he became the owner of the company known as moser baer which is world’s largest producer of the floppy disk at the same time the moser baer disk are the cheapest disks available in the world. So such types of events that happens in the life of an individual are going to change the entire lifestyle of an individual. The similar event happened in the life of Gandhiji also. Even though he was having the valid ticket to travel in the first-class the ticket checker in South Africa did not allow him to travel because he is a black man he’s a brown man. That particular event forced Gandhiji to enter into the political arena and he wanted to free his own motherland at the same time he helped the Africans also to ask for the freedom from the whites. So such incidences in the life of an individual it may be related to losing one’s job, it may be related to threat of bankruptcy, it may be related to losing the significant one, or frustration of the job or discovering a marketplace or the gap etc so they become the events in our life and we start our entrepreneurial activities with that particular event and there are good numbers of stories that are in this category. With this brief discussion on different forms entrepreneurship now let us move on to the typology of entrepreneurs. The first type of entrepreneurs that we come across is the mobile entrepreneurs. This mobile does not mean the handset what we are using so these entrepreneurs are so movable and they are frequent movers from one place to another place and one enterprise to another enterprise they keep on establishing a chain of enterprises so that’s what is the meaning of the mobile here. The mobile entrepreneurs leave the venture as soon as the venture is created. Schumpeter said that the entrepreneurial activity ends as soon as the venture is created. So the most appropriate example for this thing is Mohan who is the founder of the Good knight what we’re all using in our as a home appliances to keep away the mosquitoes. He is the man who started that and immediately he left some other venture and from that he moved to some other venture and he kept on moving from one to one but his name of establishing the Good knight still remains because that was his first venture. Similarly Vikram Sarabhai a scientists who has established range of institutions and created lots of opportunities for many people is another appropriate example for the mobile entrepreneurs. Here is a list of institutions that he has organized he has established maybe it is a Nehru foundation for development, in Ahmadabad, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad ,Physical research laboratory, Ahmadabad textiles industry research association, center for environmental planning and technology, Blind man Association, Faster Breeder Test Reactor in Kalpakkam, Variable Energy Cyclotron project in Kolkata, Electronics Corporation of India Limited in Hyderabad, Uranium Corporation of India limited in Jharkhand. So these are some of the institutions that has established. In addition to this thing along with his wife who was a famous classical dancer so he established the Darpana Academy of performing arts. So these examples make us to believe in mobile entrepreneurs. The second type of entrepreneurs that we come across is the managerial Entrepreneurs. So these are the people who prefer to continue in the same venture by  transforming themselves to fit the changing demands. For example Henry Ford is a car which did not see much change since ages but still it is continuing as one of the popular brands in the country. There are many people in and around our society that we come across who wants to be preferred as the managerial entrepreneurs’ because they have already achieved a particular success in and exercise and they want to continue with that and if there are any changes needed so they accept that one and they continue with that. The third category of entrepreneurs that we come across is the innovative entrepreneurs the innovative entrepreneurs create an organization and remain engaged in the pursuit of innovation and creation of novel products and technology the moment we said it is an innovative entrepreneur it means they are never stopping people. All the time they are in pursuit of innovation in search of innovation if they are not having appropriate ideas they are searching for that they’re ready to invest any amount because they want to get the innovations from different parts. May be within or across the countries for example the Bill Gates of Microsoft or the Sony Corporation Walt Disney,
Ibuka and there are so many examples that we keep on giving as far as innovative entrepreneurs are considered. And the last category of entrepreneurs that is the Empire builders. These Empire builders are engaged in creating a chain of new ventures having an ownership. They have the qualities of vast vision, flair of innovation and manager capability to build an empire for themselves. If I give you the examples and I need not give you any explanation for that. For example Tata, the Birla and Roclfeller of US, various such individuals acted as the Empire builders. It is because of you go to any aspect of your life situation so you have an enterprise; you have a product designed by these entrepreneurial houses. So that is how the Tata’s have built up their own Empire not only within the country throughout the world in different parts of the world also so these are the different forms and types of entrepreneurs that we come across wherein we have discussed about the three different forms and four different types of entrepreneurs. So with this will be closing today’s discussion and in the next class we will be discussing about the typology of entrepreneurial firms.

Thank you