2 Abomasal Ulcers – Clinical Signs, Diagnosis & Treatment

Transcript

Dear vets,

Greetings to all!

Last class lesson, we have discussed Abomasal ulcers, Etiopathogenesis, and Types of ulcers. In this lesson 2, we are going to discuss the Clinical signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Abomasal ulcers.

The Clinical signs: mainly the Abomasal ulcers will have a Melena, a tarry colored feces. so automatically leading to anemia. The animal will have anemia means, automatically having a Tachycardia, Tachypnoea. The distinction of right lower corner of the abdomen also be there and abdominal pain because of ulcer abdominal pain will be there. The animal is going to develop Bruxism, which is grinding of teeth because of continuous irritation in the Abomasum, animal sips water, continuously sipping the water and it will be staying in the area of water turf and continuously sipping. It will have severe dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia is going to happen in case of the Abomasal disorders, and in severe cases, there will be cold extremities and the perforating ulcers in animals will lead to acute diffuse or acute localized peritonitis in animals.

(showing the chart in the slide) In this picture there are tarry-colored feces, it is indicated that Abomasal ulcer.

Abomasal ulcers Diagnosis: so you have to diagnose based on the history of any Melena or Bruxism. Clinical signs; also have to take into account. Clinical signs of sipping the water, grinding of teeth, pain in the abdomen, Ultrasound scan: so you can also scan the ultrasound of the abomasum by the ultrasound scanner. Sometimes if there is an Abomasitis or Abomasal ulcers, there may be thickening of the wall, which you cannot identify the light lower quadrant. Abdominocentesis; suppose type 4 or type 3 Abomasal ulcers will lead to either diffuse or localized peritonitis, so that can be identified by Abdominocentesis, if there is a copious fluid discharge in the Abdominocentesis, we can claim that it is a case of petronetics due to Abomasal. Clinical pathology: so, you have to assess the hematological values, there will be metabolic alkalosis, serum biochemistry, and hematological values. There will be metabolic alkalosis hypochloremia, hypokalemia, potassium will be low. and the Occult blood test is one of the important tests, you can identify the Abomasal ulcers. Suppose by the naked eye, we are not able to see the blood present in the dung, so it will be having some hidden factors like. So, if you are having traces of blood in the dung, you have to subject the dung to an Occult blood test. So Occult blood test is an ortho-tolidine tablet test (Hematest) or Guaiac paper test. This test will develop into a blue color, it will confirm that traces of blood in the dung and then those animals are affected with the Abomasal ulcer having Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and elevated fibrinogen level. In the case of an Abomasal ulcer fibrinogen level will be elevated, and another more important recent test is Plasma Gastrin level will be elevated.

Treatment :

• Blood transfusion: In case of severe anemia, Pale mucous membrane, Tachycardia, Tachypnoea, if it is below 15% of PCV or 5 mg per liter of hemoglobin, we need to go for blood transfusion as per the standard operating procedure from a healthy animal to the donor you have to give.
• Fluid therapy: massive fluid therapy, when you are having a fluid requirement you have to assess the anemic status of the animal. If anemia is there you have to judicially use the fluids, you have to select colloids in case of anemia. Hetastarch, Pentastarch, or Haemacce, are the colloids 5 to 6 ml per kg bodyweight you can give followed by crystalloids like regular selected DNS you can give.
• Coagulants; to arrest the bleeding you can also advise coagulants but it is having doubtful value. common coagulants used are Tranexamic acid and angiogram semicarbazone.
• The mixture of the Kaolin pectin; In The field condition, you can also use the Mixture of the Kaolin pectin mixtures, that 2-3 liters if you are administering, that will coat the ulcers and further damage will be prevented.
• Antibiotics: in case of perforating ulcers, antibiotics that are broad-spectrum antibiotics for 5-7 days you have to give.
• Antacids: definitely will be useful for us to treat the case perfectly, it includes. H2 blockers- Cimetidine, Ranitidine.
• The proton pump inhibitors like Pantoprazole, Omeprazole.
• Neutralizing agents- neutralizing secreted acids like Aluminum hydroxide, Magnesium hydroxide, and Magnesium oxide at 500 grams per animal, if you are giving for 2-3 days it will be helpful for coating over the ulcers. Further secretion of the acid will not damage the wall of the Abomasal.
• In the case of Theileriosis, especially theileriosis directly involved with the Abomasal ulcer, the animals should be treated with buparvaquone and oxytetracycline (OTC) and
• In any Tick infestation, that will be covered with Iverment.

In this class 2, we have discussed the Clinical signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Abomasal ulcers in cattle. Lesson 3 is going to cover the Left displacement of Abomasum in cattle.

Thank you!