1 Introduction to Traumatic Reticulo Peritonitis and Pericarditis

Transcript

Hi! Greetings everyone,

This is Dr. Ranjit Kumar, so I am going to present the Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis in five modules.

In module 1 we are going to see.

• How the animal develops Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis,
• What are all the predisposing factors,
• What is the epidemiology,
• What are all the materials which are penetrating animals?

In module 2 we are going to discuss;

• Various Pathologies are involved in Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis.

In module 3 we are going to discuss;

• Different clinical pictures, of what the animal is exhibiting at the field level, so this is what we are going to discuss.

In module 4 we are going to discuss the

• What are all the different ways to diagnose this disease, and

In module 5

• How to approach these cases,
• How to approach medical management followed by surgical corrections,

This is what we are going to discuss in this presentation. So, let’s begin with a presentation, so we will go through directly module 1, Thank you.

In this module we are going to discuss;

• What is Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis,
• Why the cattle are getting more Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis,
• What are all the reasons,
• Where the foreign material is penetrating,
• What is the Epidemiology, and
• What are all the materials which are penetrating animals?

This is what we are going to present in this module, so here if you see this Traumatic Reticulo[1]peritonitis is because by the penetrating metallic foreign bodies either by the Peritoneum or by the Pericardium, so generally this is more common in cattle and buffaloes when compared to other ruminants, particularly the small ruminants like ship and goat. Why cattle and buffalo are getting more Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis, so there are four reasons:

1. Number one is so generally the cattle and buffaloes, they never use their lips to catch the materials and to differentiate the materials which are animate and inanimate, so this is number one,
2. Number two they use their tongue by out-swept curling method, so generally, they use for out-swept curling method this is to grasp the grasses and swallow them, so this is number two
3. Number three there is limited mastication in cattle and buffaloes, so generally, cattle and buffaloes used to prefer remastication, particularly during the rest period, when in the grazing time so there is limited mastication is there that is why they are unable to differentiate the metallic foreign bodies which are present in the ingesta,
4. Number four is the Honeycomb anatomical structure of the reticulum, so once the foreign material is entered into the reticulum, they just logged in the honeycomb structure of the reticulum so this is the four reasons why cattle and buffalo are getting Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis.

(Showing video in the slide)So this is the grazing pattern of the cattle if you see this video you can very easily see that the animal uses its tongue to out-swept curling method, so you can very easily see this topographical anatomy of the cattle if once the ingesta is entering to the cattle and directly enter into the reticulum, so this is the honeycomb structure of the reticulum anatomy of the reticulum.

So, as I told the metals they generally gravitate, directly enter into the reticulum which is from the oral cavity, they directly enter into the reticulum and hold by the reticular folds, particularly the honeycomb structure of the reticulum.

The other reason, why the cattle are predisposed is because of the pregnancy, generally, the pregnancy pushes, because of the enlarging fetus so they generally push the rumino reticulum into the cranial which is another reason why the cattle and buffalo are prone to Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis.

The other reason is Pica, particularly this is due to the deficiency of various minerals, proteins, and all those various reasons. So again, Pica is one of the predisposing factors for the animals to get Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis. Where the foreign material is penetrating there are three places the foreign material is penetrating generally so:

1. Anterior-ventral region/wall,
2. 2. The ventral region, and
3. 3. Anterior region

So, these are the three places where the foreign material penetrates most commonly in animals. So once the foreign material enters the reticulum, so what will happen is generally if the foreign material lies quietly it won’t disturb at all and for over some time particularly six weeks to one year period, they generally corroded, and it used to get away, so this is when the foreign material when it lies freely. If the foreign material is attached to the wall of the reticulum, it generally produces inflammatory reasons and necrosis develops within 72 hours, so this creates inflammation and other consequences. Immediately there will be a development of acute peritonitis and other consequences so on.

And if the penetration is not there or if the penetration is coming back, then again, the animal will get recovered from that and the retrieved foreign body they generally corroded, and it easily gets away.

Then Epidemiology of this disease; see generally this disease is more common in developing countries, so where the industrialization is more, where this area is more vulnerable to Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis. So, 90% of cases, they generally occur in the dry season, and in most cases, they generally occur in the female animals for one year of age. And the majority of the cases if you see these cases last term of pregnancy or within one month after the delivery or calving. So generally, it is estimated in India the prevalence rate is 14% in forestomach disorders, so this is the only study available in India how what is the incidence of the Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis, so there is 14% in forestomach disorders, not overall cases, the incidence is recorded. And the complication is a reticular abscess, the reticular abscess is more common in buffalos rather than in cattle, so where the foreign material pair travels, where it penetrates, and what are all the organs affected, I have depicted here in this slide. But if you see this generally the foreign body is used to enter, it used to move cranially and it used to penetrate the Pericardium and once it penetrates the Pericardium, it creates Pericarditis. If it travels Lateral and Ventral, it penetrates the Peritoneum and is used to produce Peritonitis. If it travels Medial and Dorsal, then the liver is located it is used to produce a liver abscess. If it travels Laterally and Dorsally, their Spleen is located and here splenic abscess it used to produce. Sometimes the foreign body is used to move in an aberrant way and if it enters the lungs, lung parenchyma, is used to produce Pleuropneumonia or else sometimes it used to be very rarely it used to rupture the major arteries and veins. For example, if you take it sometimes it may rupture the Coronary artery or it may rupture the Reticular vein. So, in both the conditions, it used to produce acute death in animals.

(Showing pictures in the slide) So if you see this picture, this is the liver abscess and this is a splenic abscess produced by the reticular foreign bodies. This animal is affected by Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis with that the animal also has severe Pleuropneumonia. So, there is severe Peritonitis along with the Pleuropneumonia, so that is why there is open mouth breathing and other respiratory distress in this animal.

So, what are all the materials used to penetrate the animal, so generally it starts from the needle, hairpin, any sharp material which lies in the ground, or which lies which is grasped by the animal, that directly enters into the reticulum and which is used to penetrate the animal and it produces Traumatic Reticular-peritonitis and Pericarditis. These materials generally penetrate the animal’s reticulum and they produce Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis.

(Showing pictures in the slide) So these are the materials recovered from Rumenotomy and these materials, generally penetrate the reticular wall you see these materials which are recovered from Rumenotomy in an animal.

So, in this class, we have seen about

What is the reason for Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis in cattle and buffalo,

What is the Epidemiology, and

What are all the materials used to penetrate the animal?

Thank you!