3 Left Displacement of Abomasum

Transcript

Dear vets,

Greetings to all!

Last class, we have discussed the Abomasal ulcers in cattle that too Clinical signs, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

In this class, we are going to discuss the Left displacement of Abomasum in cattle. So, usually, the Abomasum is a movable organ, it’s associated with pregnancy and rumen fullness. whenever the rumen is full. it will be a little bit pushed forward and the gradual push is there that will push the Abomasum forward. So during the course of any pregnancy or rumen dysfunction, the Abomasum is displaced, so if it is displaced on the left side, it is a common one, when is associated with the calving, just a few weeks of calving, it is more commonly seen. So why it is happening? Because of gaseous distension and hypomotility, so when the concentrated feeding is more during the prepotent period that will make the Abomasum to have a gaseous distinction because of movement of more volatile flaccid acid there will be a mildly acidic, that will also lead to hypomotility.

There will be a chance of reduced actually forage feeding, which is also another more attributing factor for the Abomasal displacement.

Pathogenesis; the advanced stage of pregnancy, the abomasum is a little bit pushed forward, the rumen is lifted, and after calving the rumen is coming to the original position that time the The abomasum is having hypomotility and gaseous distension, the illest condition of the abomasum, the pyloric part is slowly going to the trapped underneath the rumen and sidewall of the left side, so that is leading to Left side displacement of Abomasum.

What are the Clinical Signs?

• The inappetence to anorexia,
• drop in milk yield,
• bruxism,
• the signs of Ketosis, the animal because of Abomasum is in what signs of ketosis will be there, so cow side test will be helpful for us to identify the ketosis also, that is a secondary one,
• slap sided left side abdomen,
• decreased ruminal movements, when you are doing the combined percussion and auscultation, the 8th to 12th intercostal space or 9th to 12th intercostal space on the left side there will be a ping sound, the oval area, you can see the oval area (showing picture in the slide) that will have a ping sound.

(showing picture in the slide)So you have to do the combined percussion, in this picture I am doing the combined percussion of the, you have to first demarcate the area of ping sound, that is a ping sound is nothing but dropping a coin into a metallic vessel or ringing sound, that the ping sound how it is happening it occurs in a hollow organ, it is filled with fluid and some air is also there under the pressure. The fluid medium and air medium is going to contact in the hollow organ, when you are percussing on the top the air movement will be vibrating and hitting on the fluid and returning back as an echo, which is leading to a ping sound.

So here the abomasum is trapped in between the rumen and the left abdominal wall, that is why it is causing the pressure in the air present in the abomasum leading to a ping sound. (showing video in the slide) This video is showing the combined percussion, auscultation of the left displacement abomasum. So, you have to confirm whether the distended area and the ping sound area are due to our abomasum displacement or due to some other reason, sometimes it may be done due to rumen collapse or auscultation condition also.

So we have to take the needle, spinal needle, puncture the area where you are getting, this video telling that the abomasal ping sound area, we are injecting the needle and collecting the grayish fluid (water fluid), from the abomasum. It is suspected of the abomasum.

In the ping area, you have to aspirate, so you have to see the pH and protozoa. The normal pH of the abomasum is 2-4, but there won’t be any protozoa. So, in this picture, you are able to see the pH of 2 and there won’t be any protrusive mobility, so the technique is called as Liptak test. The Liptak test is confirming the displacement of the abomasum.

Ultrasonography examination also reveals the left side displacement of the abomasum, you can visualize the hyperechoic wall with the hyperechoic content of the abomasum on the left side. Then other diagnostic techniques are:

• if you are doing a Rectal examination, you can palpate the abomasum on the left side,
• clinical pathological conditions like Metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia,
• sometimes it may also have an elevated beta hydroxy butyric acid and AST level as aspartate aminotransferase, then
• mild hypocalcemia also is there due to abomasum displacement.

Differential diagnosis; the abomasum displacement can be differentially diagnosed with the

• Simple indigestion,
• Astomia
• Primary Ketosis
• Traumatic reticulopetonitis,
• Vagus indigestion,
• Fat cow syndrome

Treatment:

• The abomasum displacement on the left side should be surgically corrected, first, it should be surgically corrected, or else
• you can go for roll and toggle pin method, suturing method keeping the animal on the dorsal recumbency, you can roll this side and that side, then positioning the abomasum in the right paramedian side, then you have to go for a pin, suturing the areas.
• Then lavish fluid therapy to correct the electrolyte abnormalities and dehydration,
• the transformation of the rumen gut, that is we have to collect from the slaughterhouse give 2-3 days, two to three liters.
• Treatment of the primary ketosis is to be addressed here.

In this class, we have discussed the left displacement of the abomasum. In the next class, we are going to discuss the right displacement of the abomasum.

Thank you!