3 What are the Signs?
Transcript
Hi everyone!
Welcome back to module 3. So, in module 2 last module, we have seen about the different types of Peritonitis and different types of Pericarditis.
There are four types of Peritonitis and three types of Pericarditis. So that what is happen when the foreign body penetrates the peritoneum and pericardium, as we have seen in the last module.
So, this module we will see about the Clinical picture; so what are all the Clinical pictures depicted by the animals.
So generally, if you see whenever the foreign material penetrates, I told in the last module that there is a development of Acute peritonitis within 24 hours and that generally persists for about 72 hours. So that I told in the last module.
When there is the development of Acute local peritonitis, what are all the Clinical pictures, the animal exhibits we will see in this module. So generally, if you speak Traumatic Reticulo[1]peritonitis, the Clinical picture is vague in nature. It is a non-specific, generally non-specific Clinical picture produced by the animals and it depends upon the size shape of where the foreign material travels and how long it is there, so all these things determine the Clinical picture. It is not only by the Peritoneum inflammatory reaction, it is also decided by the what organ is penetrated, how long it is penetrated, all these things produce the severity of the Clinic picture.
Then, when you give attention to an animal, so when you suspect an animal is having a Traumatic Reticulo-petronitis and Pericarditis.
Two things:
- When the animal is having grunting,
- When there is bruxism, the animal may have Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis. This you have to think of immediately.
So the majority of the time, there will be cranial abdominal pain, when the animal exhibits cranial abdominal pain then you have to think it of Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis.
(Showing video in the slide) I hope you have listened to the grunting sound from the animal each and every expiration this animal produces, there is a grunting sound. During expiration, there is a sudden opening of the epiglottis and generally is used to produce the grunting sound. So again, if you see this video, this animal is having Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and brisket edema and it used to produce a grunting sound.
So now we will see when the animal is having Acute peritonitis what is the Clinical picture as I told the Acute peritonitis, develops within 24 hours. So generally, there will be a sharp decline in the milk yield. particularly the milk yield goes below 50%, this is number one.
Number two, there will be the development of Pyrexia and there is the development of abdominal pain, so because of the Subacute abdominal pain, the animal there will be a ‘tucked[1]up’ abdomen, so the animal is used to seeing there is if the animal having pain, it pulls the abdomen back so there will be a ‘tucked-up’ abdomen will be there.
Then there will be a reduced or absent rumination is one of the indications of Acute peritonitis.
(Showing pictures in the slide) If you see this picture there is arching of the back and tucked-up abdomen.
Then there will be firm and pelleted dung in when the animal develops Acute peritonitis, so if you see this material, see here if you see there are pellet feces. These pellet feces indicates that there is some ruminal stasis and there is some abdominal pain. These pellet feces indicate one thing dehydration and the second thing because of the long stasis in the GI tract. (Showing pictures in the slide) And if you see this animal is kicking the abdomen because of the cranial abdominal pain, not only abdominal pain, when the animal is having Acute peritonitis generally these animals, they will have ruminal tympany, mild ruminal tympany will be there, so as I told before there will be in grunting and reluctant to move and so these animals, they remain standing for a long period. So once the foreign material moves back or the Acute peritonitis subsides these animals recover within 3-5 days.
The next one is Chronic local peritonitis: In Chronic local peritonitis, there is a loss of body condition and when the animal moves, there will be a slow and careful gait. So, this is again suggestive of Chronic local peritonitis and there will be an arched back, so when the animal is having pain in the abdomen, naturally the animal exhibits the arched back. There will be a tense abdomen so when I told you naturally the animal has pain, an arched back, tensed abdomen.
See another things are Chronic moderate bloat; so moderate bloat will be there and here one more important criterion is there will be an increased undigested material in the feces, so when there is increased undigested material always you have to think of the animal is having Chronic local peritonitis and of course, the animal will have grunting and naturally there will be a reticular abscess. If the reticular abscess is there, the animal there will be in poor body condition, the entire lifespan will be poor, or else we can say in the other words the quality of the life always goes down.
And if you see the feces will be firm and it will be coated with mucus, so this is another typical example so one thing undigested material increase in the undigested material and the second one is mucus coated firm mucous coated dung. So, this is again indicative of Chronic local peritonitis.
(Showing video in the slide) So this is one of the videos that indicate that the animal is having Reticular abscess.
Diffuse peritonitis: In Diffuse peritonitis in spite of Anorexia, there will be an increase in the abdomen. So that is the typical indication that the animal is having Diffuse peritonitis. As I told there will be an absent or limited rumen movement, so because of the limited rumen movement and one thing the second one is there is Diffusion in the peritoneal fluid is accumulated with a lot of fluids because of that there is severe dehydration and this severe dehydration that leads to Scanty feces. Once scanty feces are there then you can suspect the animal is having Diffuse peritonitis this is one thing.
Another one is because of these Scanty feces and dehydration, and it is prone to Hypovolemia. Once Hypovolemia is there then the heart rate gets increased, generally the heart rate will be more than 120 beats per minute.
If you do a rectal examination, there will be pain in the visceral organs, so severe pain will be avenged by the animal. and
As I told in the last module itself, there will be a marked mental depression because of the fluid secretion in the peritoneum severe Dehydration, Hypovolemia, there is the development of Toxemia and finally, there is Shock, and the animal goes for recumbency and Death in these animals.
(Showing pictures in the slide) If you see this animal, they see the rectal examination there is scanty feces and these scanty feces indicates black tarry scanty feces. So, this always indicates that the animal is having Toxemia because of Diffuse peritonitis.
(Showing pictures in the slide) If you see this picture, when you do a rectal examination, there is finely powdered material the physical material which is strictly adhered to the gloves, so it is very difficult to remove this fecal material, so thick sludge-like, tenacious dung.
(Showing pictures in the slide) It is which is difficult to remove from the gloves, so this is again indicative of Diffuse peritonitis adhered to the gloves because of the long stasis it is adhered to the gloves, again it is very difficult to remove. so again, this indicates Paralytic ileus because of the Diffuse peritonitis.
So that is what happens when the animal is having Acute peritonitis, Chronic local peritonitis, and Diffuse peritonitis.
When the animal develops Pericarditis what will happen, when the animal develops Pericarditis there is an increase in the heart rate, so generally the increase in the heart rate will be more than 130 beats per minute. So definitely the animal will have more than 100 and it may reach 130 and above also. So, this is one of the indications that an increase in the heart rate that is Tachycardia, particularly above 100 indicates that the animal is having Pericarditis this is number one. Number two, there is the development of Congestive signs, where the Congestive signs develop in the loose space, where the loose space is there? in the intermandibular space, in the brisket region, and in the ventral region.
So, this is where the Oedema develops because of the congestive heart failure.
Number three is there is the development of Positive venous pulse, and there is bilateral engorgement of the jugular veins, so this is number three.
Number four will be, there is mild diarrhea or scanty feces will be there, so this mild diarrhea or scanty faces indicates that there is congestion in the intestinal tract because of the congestion, the nutrients won’t be absorbed properly this is number one and number two there will be a mild effusion in the intestinal ingester because of that there is the development of diarrhea and scanty faces. Then number four the Cardiac sign is because of Congestive heart failure, there will be the development of Oedema, particularly in the Conjunctival mucous membrane that looks like grapes, and that much Oedema is used to develop in the Conjunctival mucous membrane.
(Showing pictures in the slide) If you see this picture, you just see this there is engorgement of Jugular vein and there is the development of brisket Oedema here and you see this brisket Oedema and abducted limbs. So, this is again indicative of Pericarditis. (Showing pictures in the slide) If you see this picture just see this there is a huge development of Oedema in the brisket region, inter mandibular region, and the ventral region. So don’t think that the animal is having udder edema, so here the udder is absolutely normal. So, the edema in the ventral region, brisket region, and in the inter mandibular region, all these things because of the congestive signs because of the Pericarditis.
In this module, we have seen what all the Clinical pictures are.
Number one and the majority of the time you will get the vague clinical picture, so when there is grunting, and bruxism, definitely you have to suspect Traumatic Reticulo-peritonitis and Pericarditis. When the foreign body penetrates the peritoneum so different types of peritonitis develop. What are all the Clinical pictures in Acute peritonitis, Chronic local peritonitis, and Diffuse peritonitis we have seen in this module?
And what are all the Clinical pictures that when the foreign body penetrates the Pericardium and there is the development of Congestive failure, congestive heart signs?
So that we have seen in this module.
Thank you!
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