4 Ultrasonography of Abdomen Disorder

Transcript

Warm greetings! to all. In the last lesson, we have seen the Ultrasonic features of the thoracic cavity in those animals affected by Intestinal Ileus.

In this lesson, we will see the Ultrasonography features of the abdominal cavity.

Reticulum: so reticulum is usually on the ventral aspect of the thorax and the left side or right side of the sternum. so follow the area and the left or right side lateral thorax up to the elbow. A normal reticulum is half-moon-shaped, this slide shows the ultrasonic features of the reticulum in healthy cattle. we can see R as the reticulum as viewed by a half-moon shape, and M is the Musculophrenic vein.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This is an echocardiographic picture of an animal with Traumatic reticuloperitoneitis. R is Reticulum, Ru is Rumen, and H is Hyperechoic Adhesions. The features are deposits of fibrinous tissues with fluid packets, and Reticular wall we can see the serosal surface.

Reticular abscess: so Reticular abscess, the echogenic features or echogenic capsule, homogeneous, hypoechoic to moderately echogenic center.

(Showing pictures in the slide) The picture shows A is an Anechoic abscess with the echogenic content and R is Reticulum.

(Showing pictures in the slide) so this shows a case of Reticular abscess in another cattle and R is the Reticulum and outside A is an abscess. Echocardiography features reticular adhesions, where we can see the reticulum with the extensive fibrous adhesion which is echogenic.

Peritoneal effusion: here the efficient is usually black colored or what you called anechoic. There are extensive fibrin sheds that forms a carb egg like appearance.

(Showing pictures in the slide) These are ultrasonic features of the Uroabdomen: so bladder which has been ruptured and the fluid collected is anechoic seen as a black color.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This is an ultrasonic feature of a Diaphragmatic Hernia, where H is the Heart and R is the Reticulum. Now we need to appreciate the close association of the reticulum, which moves in association with the heart, as the heart moves the reticulum also moves, because of the absence of the diaphragm.

(Showing pictures in the slide) These ultrasonographic pictures on the left side show pointing at the reticulum and on the left show the heart. Please follow this to understand the next slide.

(Showing video in the slide) This video shows the movement of the heart, as well as the movement of the reticulum, which is in unison with the heart indicating a Diaphragmatic hernia.

(Showing video in the slide) This is another video in the case of a cattle with a Diaphragmatic hernia, we can appreciate the movement of the heart and the reticulum in association with the heart.

(Showing pictures in the slide) Displacement of abomasum: this is a cattle on the left side as well as right side these are affected with left side displacement of the abomasum.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This picture shows where we need to image and place the probe for abomasal displacement. Initially the abomasal is seen from the xiphoid caudal up to the pelvic area and then since there is a displacement so this area towards the right side on the flank region, as well as on the left side from the elbow towards the left paralumbar fossa has to be extensively investigated for the abomasum. Or the area where there is a ping sound, that area can be visualized using a probe.

(Showing pictures in the slide) Left side displacement of abomasum: the left side photo indicates an animal with a left side displacement abomasum. There is an area demarcated with chalk, that indicates the area with a ping sound.

The right-side top photo indicates the Liptak test where we introduce the needle and collect the fluid. The right bottom slide shows the Liptack test, in this the pH is acidic. The acidic indicates it is the abomasum. Usually, the area where we have introduced the needle should be alkaline, indicating the reticular rumen. So the Liptak test in this left side displacement abomasum indicates acid confirming the displacement of the abomasum.

(Showing video in the slide) These are ultrasonic features of the left side displacement abomasum, where the abomasum is filled with the content, which is fluid, that is anechoic and content is echogenic. As it starts moving you can see the abomasal folds which are echogenic.

(Showing pictures in the slide)These are other ultrasonographic pictures, depicting the movement of the abomasum along with abomasum volvulus and anechoic and echogenic content.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This is a case of right side displacement abomasum, we have got two cattle and the site for investigation is from the elbow towards the paralumbar fossa. Apply liberal quantities of gel or spread and place the probe.

The left side indicates the ultrasonic features of right side displacement of the abomasum, where the abomasum is distended with the fluid anechoic and echogenic content. The right side picture shows the leaf-like structures, these are abomasal folds that are echogenic.

In this lesson, we have seen various ultrasonographic features in the abomasum as well as the reticulum and other features of the abdominal cavity. In the next lesson, we are going to see the Management of Elias in the case of cattle.

Thank you!