5 Abomasal Bloat and Impaction

Transcript

Dear vets,

Greetings to all!

Last class, we have discussed the Right displacement of the Abomasum, in that Etiopathogenesis, Clinical signs, Treatment.

In this class we are going to discuss two diseases; Abomasal Bloat and Abomasal Impaction

Let us see Abomasal Bloat first: the Abomasal Bloat is mainly seen in the case of calves and lambs;

• due to Clostridium perfringens Type A infection, Sarcina species, Salmonella species Lactobacillus species. So, these are the bacteria, that will have a multiplication, will lead to Abomasal Bloat
• mainly the exact etiology is not yet been identified even then these all the other etiological agents postulated,
• another thing is the calves, lambs fed with milk replacers,
• either in the form of too chill and too warm that will have putrefaction in the stomach, so the abomasum is going to be bloated and
• sometimes high glucose concentration administration for any kid or lambs, calves not taking adequate milk forcibly if you are giving that will also increase the fermentation leading to of Abomasal bloat.

The Pathogenesis just distended abdomen due to gas and it will be compressing the thoracic and abdominal viscera and blood vessels that will occlude the abdominal vessels. So, automatically lead to Asphyxia by compressing the diaphragm, the breathing difficulties will come and it will also affect the circulation. It is leading to acute circulatory failure and loss of venous return to the heart, it is going to be happening and leading to shock. The animal will be going to develop shock.

The Clinical signs: major clinical signs are:

• Acute bloat suddenly will develop good bloat
• the anorexia not taking milk and it is restless, it’s not willing to sleep, not listening to any stimuli
• it will be dull and depressing
• diarrhea will be developing because of the bacterial overload in the abomasum leading to indigestion which leads to diarrhea
• some of the causes may show Colic science
• when you are doing the percussion auscultation of the abdomen either both sides, will have a ping sound as I already told you it is because the liquid medium is there in the hollow organ and the air is under the pressure, top of the liquid medium air is under the pressure, it is leading to ping sound and
• the cold extremities due to shock
• Tachycardia, Tachypnoea will be there.

Treatment:

• you have to have a lavage, passage of stomach tube maximum possible you evacuate the content and remove the air also, so for further fermentations to be avoided by passage stomach tube you have to remove as much as possible that fetid fluid from the abomasum and
• some of the cases not responding properly not yielding for the gastric levels, you go for a Laparotomy and you can evacuate the abomasum
• you need to advise the owner to have proper milk replacers, it should be in adequate heat and it should not be kept for a prolonged time, so that will be putrefying then it will lead to problem. so adequate management of milk replacers supplementation to be there.

The next disease is Abomasal Impaction: it is commonly seen in the case of large ruminants like cattle, buffalos;

Primary causes

• it is mainly because of some fibrous feed intake, suppose the more fibrous, indigestible fibrous material is taken that is escaping through the reticulo-omasal orifice entering the abomasum, will have an Impaction
• sometimes lack of water intake, the animal which is there in the winter is not taking adequate water, which will also lead to the development of the Abomasal Impaction.

Secondary causes

• Pyloric outflow obstruction, any tumor condition, or any inflammatory condition of the pylorus will lead to Pyloric obstruction. Stagnant of the fluid, only a stagnation of the feed material in the abomasum, only the fluid portion will be drained to the intestines.
• then adhesions, sometimes any displacement, adhesions, actually adhesions due to abomasal ulcers may also influence the Abomasal Impaction and
• Lymphosarcoma and
• Conditions like Peritonitis, TRP there is a fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity will alter the motility of the abomasum, it is going to develop Impaction and finally
• the vagal nerve, which is also supplying, I think posterior functionalities already we discussed, isn’t it, in the vagal digestion that is having some role Vagal nerve injury will also influence over the Abomasal Impaction.

What are the Clinical signs we can expect in Abomasal Impaction; there are no specific clinical signs, all are like Abomasal Involvement:

• Progressive abdominal distension on the right lower quadrant
• Intermittent appetite, the animal will not take proper feeding
• the dung material will be loose and it will be somewhat watery in nature and reduced quantity
• the animal is going to develop weight loss, chronic Abomasal Impaction is going to develop weight loss,
• rectal examination, if you are doing there is a dorsal and ventral sac of the rumen is distended, because the abomasal distention is there, automatically the content will be staying in the forestomach,
• the animal feels pain and is exhibiting a Bruxism
• you can do the palpation on the right lower quadrant in the abdomen, you will get a deep pain, elicitation can have, and
• all the vital signs like temperature, heart rate, pulse rate, the respiratory rate will be normal
• then Bradycardia- secondary to the vagal nerve in irritations and
• Metabolic alkalosis as I told it is having Metabolic alkalosis, hypochloremia, hypokalemia.

Diagnosis: only thing is you have to go for right side Laparotomy and open the area or else you can go for Rumenatomy and you can through the ruminative wound you can also examine the abomasum, whether it is impacted or distended.

Treatment:

• during the Laparotomy or in the Rumenatomy, you have to pass the tube into the abomasum, if you are doing Rumenatomy, you pass the stomach tube or some tubes through the reticulo omasal orifice to enter into the abomasum, you have to infuse some mineral oil and some other materials like dioctyl sodium succinate.
• you have to give adequate laxatives to propel the content from the abomasum
• you have to increase the motility by giving Ruminotorix
• and the recent treatment, researchers have given is, Coffee-one pound is given to the rumen, it is also one of the important materials which help to alleviate or rectify the Abomasal Impaction.

In this module, we have seen:

• Abomasal Ulcers,
• Left displacement Abomasum,
• Right displacement Abomasum,
• Abomasal Bloat in lambs and calves, and
• Abomasal Impaction

I hope that these modules would have helped you to identify the field problems and are able to treat them successfully in the field condition.

Thank you!