3 Radiography and Ultrasonography

Transcript

Welcome! back to the lesson on Intestinal Ileus in cattle.

In the previous class, we have seen about Anamnesis, Clinical investigation, and Clinical interpretation on how to proceed with the approach of Intestinal Ileus in cattle. In this class, we are going to see about Radiography and Ultrasonography examination of animals with Intestinal Ileus.

(Showing pictures in the slide1) In the radiograph of a normal healthy animal, where D indicates the Diaphragm, H indicates the Heart, and Re indicates Reticulum. so where we can clearly see the Diaphragmatic border, Heart, and Reticulum.

(Showing pictures in the slide2) This is a radiograph of an animal using Contrast, here also we can see a clear Diaphragmatic border, H indicates Heart, and Re indicates Reticulum, there is a clear distinguish between the thorax as well abdomen.

(Showing pictures in the slide3) This is a radiograph of an animal where we get a Foreign body, the arrow indicates the foreign body and it is very clear in the case of a radiograph.

(Showing pictures in the slide4) This is a radiograph of an animal with the Diaphragmatic Hernia you can see the Reticulorumen is herniated into the thorax and it is pointed out by a pointer.

Ultrasonography: Now let us see about Ultrasonographic investigation in these animals.

(Showing pictures in the slide1) the first is Pericarditis, so echocardiography the site is 3rd – 6th intercostal spaces, and what you have to do is the cranial limb on the side left side or right side should be proximally placed, apply a liberal quantity of gel or spirit, and place the probe of ultrasound to investigate into the heart.

Pericarditis: the ultrasonic features of pericarditis include pericardial effusion, which can be hypoechogenic or echogenic, and sometimes we will be able to see fibrin sheds within the anechoic fluid. The note points or take-home lesson is there is a thick echogenic membrane surrounding the heart.

(Showing video in the slide) This gives an ultrasonic picture of a heart where LV indicates left ventricle, RV indicates right ventricle, this is ultrasonography in the case of pericarditis where there is an accumulation of echogenic fluid material around the heart.

(Showing video in the slide) this slide shows both the normal animal, which is on the left side, and on the right side we have got an animal with Pericarditis. In a normal animal, you can appreciate the heart without any surroundings. On the right side, as facilitated through the arrow, I have put so echogenic fluid surrounding the heart.

(Showing video in the slide) this slide shows the echocardiography of an animal with Pericarditis. The pericardial diffusion can be anechoic or hyperechoic or there can be extensive Fibrin sheds.

(Showing video in the slide) This slide shows anechoic fluid.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This echocardiographic image shows echogenic fluid.

(Showing pictures in the slide) This slide shows a mild accumulation of Fibrin, while the next slide shows the extensive accumulation of fibrin with its network.

(Showing pictures in the slide) this is a postmortem collected sample of an animal, which has got an ion movement within the heart. This was scanned before and the ultrasonographic pictures show the needle.

(Showing pictures in the slide) The slide of echocardiography shows the line which is echogenic and there is a casting of shadow. We can appreciate the echogenic dot which is caused by this iron foreign body and there is an acoustic shadow- the acoustic shadow is by black color as indicated by a pointer.

(Showing pictures in the slide) Pleural effusion: an animal with pleural effusion is scanned and we can get anechoic fluid surrounding the lungs and you can see the movement of the fibrin segments which is hyperechoic.

(Showing pictures in the slide) In this slide, we can see the pericardial fluid as well as the pleural effusion. So pericardial fluid you can see indicated by an arrow and there is a pleural effusion also.

In this lesson, we have appreciated Ultrasonographic investigation in Pericarditis as well as Pleural effusions, where there was echogenic or anechoic, or mixed fluid in this. In the next class, we will see about Ultrasonographic findings on the abdomen.

Thank you!